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M.J. Oldham 39769; specimen record, replicates at MICH 1558412, DAO, mjo, OAC; identified by M.J. Oldham 2012; depression in upland woods, west of creek, with Juncus tenuis, Sphenopholis intermedia, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum, Rhus radicans; a few clumps

Amazingly, the first record for Norfolk County. I counted 10 clonal colonies of C. lupuliformis and at least five times as many C. lupulina.

In a deep, organic maple swamp with other Lupulinae sedges.

Photo 3 with achenes of C. lupulina for comparison.

M.J. Oldham & GM Allen # 6072, specimen record, replicates at TRTE, MICH 1555698, CAN; identified as Chaerophyllum procumbens sensu stricto by M.J. Oldham, !R.F.C. Naczi 2012; mesic slope in rich woods, with Viola, Floerkia; Sombra Tp, rare and local

M.J. Oldham # 32644, specimen record, replicates at MICH 1430283, TRTE, NHIC# 06546 (home), UWAL, JK England, OAC, +1; identified as Carex retroflexa by M.J. Oldham, !A.A. Reznicek 2007, Jan. 2013; open woods; edge of woods; local

mid-stem leaves in comparison photo: S. flexicaulis (L), hybrid (centre), S. caesia (R). Lower stem leaves of hybrid were broader, with obvious lateral veins (see e.g., plant at bottom left of photo 1)

All of the wild gingers (Asarum canadense sensu lato) I was able to find throughout this sandy floodplain forest had glabrous, short-acuminate, strongly reflexed petals like this plant. I am not sure how widespread this variety is in Canada, but certainly is expected to be Carolinian in distribution.

WDV 255 (to UWO).

Glomerules not cylindrical, leaves with callous apices, inflorescence branches spreading more than 90 degrees (per FNA key). Growing with Comandra umbellata, Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax, and across the road from a population of Thalictrum thalictroides, another locally rare species of well drained, sandy soil. This species has never been recorded in Niagara, Ontario but is known from adjacent Niagara County, New York.

M.J. Oldham & W.D. Bakowsky 32714; specimen record, replicates at MICH 1459300; identified by M.J. Oldham, !A.A. Reznicek Jan. 2013 as Carex crawei; open rim prairie, with Commandra umbellata, Schizachyrium scoparium, Andropogon gerardii, Sporobolus asper, Penstemon hirsutus, Rhus aromatica; rare; GPS waypoint

M.J. Oldham 32609; specimen record, replicates at MICH 1459939, NHIC# 05625 (home), OAC; identified by M.J. Oldham, !A.A. Reznicek Jan. 2013 as Carex oligocarpa; bottomland deciduous woods, with Poa pratensis, Carex blanda, Arctium minus, Dactylis glomerata; opening surrounded by Rhamnus cathartica; several robust clumps beside boulder, near opening in woods (campfire area near overhanging bouldering rock); GPS waypoint 905

M.J. Oldham, S Varga, WD Bakowsky, GM Allen, DA Sutherland 18080; specimen record, replicates at DAO, MICH, NHIC# 00025; identified by M.J. Oldham, !A.A. Reznicek 1996 as Adenocaulon bicolor ; 300-400 mature plants on fairly steep wooded slope of W Birch, Abies, Thuja; flowering; growing with Aster macrophyllus, A. cordifolius, Carex eburnea, Abies balsamea

I found a few of these goldenrods in a mesic sandy site in a young oak-maple forest. They superficially resembled rough goldenrod (Solidago rugosa) but they were completely glabrous except for a few hairs in the inflorescence and along major veins on the abaxial leaf surfaces. Careful examination of the plants using the Flora of North America description made me very confident that this is, in fact, elm-leaved goldenrod (Solidago ulmifolia), and it resembles the individuals of that species which I've seen in the States. Proximal cauline leaves (i.e., lowermost leaves) were senesced at anthesis.

WDV 232 (to UWO).

Essex County, Ontario, Canada.