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? or chusan? One of two, each c.15mmD at base (surprisingly stout, as leaf shafts are very slender) observed in an area of many scattered Phoenix and bangalow seedlings. No wild or cultivated exotic palms observed within 100m, but all these palm species are common in all the neighbourhing residential and business areas, ie within 200m.

podocarp/broadleaf forest under exotic pines, Eastern ridge border of 70hectare urban forest reserve.

Uprooting of one was entire, the other one incomplete; the entire base was removed but the roots themselves broke off.

One had been observed within 50m from here a day or so earlier, in deep native moss beds among tanekaha in almost intact kauri ridge community.

Images added are of the specimen pictured and the other observed at the same time within a metre or so, roughly pressed and photographed a week later.

These seem to die back spontaneously during spring or summer???? and thse are the new leaves. bulbs are impossible to uplift in most soil situations here (dry clay), but in a nearby area leaves were pulled off , broken, or suppressed with other weeds, and were not seen again that year. It is hoped that bulbs, which are apparently sensitive to rot (unlike Montbretia), will rot when exposed to winter wet by ripping off leaves.