Philoliche (Phara) lugens (Thunberg, 1789) - Identification · 愛自然-臺灣(iNaturalist Taiwan)

Taxonomy: This species was first described by Thunberg in 1789, but the specimen from the Cape of Good Hope (Museum of Evolution at Uppsala University) was only in 2017 to be found conspeciftic with Philoliche (Phara) melanopyga (Wiedemann, 1819).
Evenhuis, N.L. 2017. After 228 years of being ignored or unplaced, Bibio lugens Thunberg,1789 has its identity fixed (Diptera: Tabanidae: Pangoniinae). Zootaxa 4358: 185-187.
https://sci-hub.st/10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.9

An all black species with a distinctive bicolor pattern on the abdomen: T1 black, T2 & T3 red, T4-T6 with a central broad black patch. Wings blackish; R4 with appendix.

Thunberg's original description: "tota atra, abdomine basi ferrugineo pellucido. Hab. in cap. b. Spei."
https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/94/f6/04/ed/94f604ed-1942-4c11-b7eb-3115a992ef3c/files/DIS_BOT(1).pdf

Wiedemann's descriptions:
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51679#page/39/mode/1up
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50649#page/140/mode/1up
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50314#page/88/mode/1up

Photo of Thunberg's type:
https://zenodo.org/record/1067576

Photos of Wiedemann's type:
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3458675841

Illustrated in Austen:
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/75729#page/249/mode/1up